Addressable analog detector

Some of the analog systems can be converted into an intelligent system with virtually unlimited possibilities and applications when they are combined with a modest microprocessor. Addressable analog detector is a classic example of analog devices in this category. We can use a manual addressable analog detector here. There exists some more variety of addressable analog detectors where any one of the following physical principles involved-ionization effect, photo electric effect, flame effect and thermal effect. The detectors are working as sensors and do not generally initiate alarm. The control panel which includes a microprocessor analyzes the digital information received from addressable analog detectors and kicks off the alarm signal.

Hierarchical automation structure

The following hierarchy is of importance in the process control to handle all startup and shutdown tasks. First among them is process control level which includes the systems for operation, monitoring, engineering and diagnostics. Then comes process level where server, and processing units are connected to process control level by a terminal bus employing the technique of plant bus to the automation level for data exchange. Next is automation level which consists of programmable logic controllers which provide operating idleness. The direct process interface to the I & C is provided by individual control level. Analog and binary signal transmitters, actuators like motors and electrically actuated valves etc. comes in field level which is connected to the individual control level by copper wires. Fiber optic technology is used in bus system which includes terminal bus and plant bus sections.